Ulwakhiwo lwesikhululo esingaphantsi sinokuyilwa kusetyenziswa ikhonkrithi okanye intsimbi, ngolungelelwaniso olufana nesakhelo se-portal kunye nezakhiwo ezimilise u-π. Ukukhetha kwakhona kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba izixhobo zihlelwe kwinqanaba elilodwa okanye ezininzi.

1. Iinguqu

Iinguqu zezona zixhobo ziphambili kwizitishi ezisezantsi kwaye zinokuhlelwa ngokweziguquli ezijika kabini, iziguquli ezijika-moya ezintathu, kunye ne-autotransformers (ezabelana ngokujija kumbane ophantsi kunye nophezulu, kunye nempompo ethatyathwe kumoya ovuthuzayo ophezulu ukuze isebenze njengesezantsi. imveliso yombane). Amanqanaba ombane alingana nenani lokujika kwii-windings, ngelixa i-current inversely proporation.

Abaguquli banokuthi bahlelwe ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wabo kwiinguqu ze-step-up (ezisetyenziswa ekuthumeleni i-substations) kunye ne-step-down transformers (esetyenziswa ekufumaneni iziteshi). I-voltage ye-transformer kufuneka ihambelane ne-voltage yenkqubo yamandla. Ukugcina amanqanaba ombane amkelekileyo phantsi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo, abaguquli banokufuna ukutshintsha uxhulumaniso lwempompo.

Ngokusekwe kwindlela yokutshintsha impompo, iziguquli zinokuhlelwa zibe ziguquli zokutshintsha impompo yomthwalo kunye neziguquli zokutshintsha impompo yomthwalo. Iziguquli zokutshintsha itephu zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekufumaneni izitishi.

2. Iinguqu zesixhobo

Abaguquli be-voltage kunye nabaguquli bangoku basebenza ngokufanayo kwi-transformers, ukuguqula i-voltage ephezulu kunye nemisinga emikhulu evela kwizixhobo kunye neebhasi zebhasi ukuya kwi-voltage ephantsi kunye namanqanaba akhoyo afanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokulinganisa, ukukhuselwa kwe-relay kunye nezixhobo zokulawula. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo, i-voltage yesibini ye-voltage transformer yi-100V, ngelixa i-second current ye-transformer yangoku ngokuqhelekileyo i-5A okanye i-1A. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuvula isiphaluka sesibini se-transformer yangoku, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela kumbane ophezulu obeka umngcipheko kwizixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.

3. Ukutshintsha Izixhobo

Oku kubandakanya i-breakers, i-isolators, i-switch switches, kunye ne-high-voltage fuses, ezisetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala iisekethe. I-Circuit breakers isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kunye nokukhupha iisekethe ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwaye zihlukanise ngokuzenzekelayo izixhobo eziphosakeleyo kunye nemigca phantsi kolawulo lwezixhobo zokukhusela i-relay. E-China, ii-air circuit breakers kunye ne-sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) ii-circuit breakers zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizitishi ezingaphantsi ezibekwe ngaphezu kwe-220kV.

Umsebenzi oyintloko we-isolators (i-knife switches) kukuhlukanisa i-voltage ngexesha lezixhobo okanye ukugcinwa komgca ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Abakwazi ukuphazamisa umthwalo okanye i-current currents kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokubambisana nabaphuli beesekethe. Ngethuba lokuphuma kwamandla, i-breaker circuit kufuneka ivulwe phambi kwe-isolator, kwaye ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kwamandla, i-isolator kufuneka ivalwe phambi kwe-breaker circuit. Ukusebenza okungalunganga kunokukhokelela kumonakalo wezixhobo kunye nokulimala komntu.

Ukutshintsha komthwalo kunokuphazamisa imisinga yomthwalo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kodwa kungabikho ukukwazi ukuphazamisa imisinga yempazamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-high-voltage fuses kwiziguquli okanye imigca ephumayo ehlelwe kwi-10kV nangaphezulu engasebenzi rhoqo.

Ukunciphisa unyawo lwezitishi, i-SF6-insulated switchgear (GIS) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Le teknoloji idibanisa i-breakers, i-isolators, i-busbars, i-grounding switching, i-instrument transformers, kunye nokupheliswa kwekhebula kwi-compact, iyunithi etywiniweyo ezaliswe ngegesi ye-SF6 njengendlela yokukhusela. I-GIS ibonelela ngezinto eziluncedo ezifana nolwakhiwo olubambeneyo, ubunzima, ukunganyangeki kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo, ukugcinwa kwamathuba okongeziweyo, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokothuka kombane kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengxolo. Iphunyezwe kwizitishi ezingaphantsi ukuya kuma-765kV. Nangona kunjalo, kubiza kakhulu kwaye kufuna imigangatho ephezulu yokwenziwa kunye nokugcinwa.

4. Izixhobo zokuKhusela uMbane

Izitishi zikwaxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokukhusela umbane, ngokukodwa iintonga zombane kunye nezibambisi zokunyuka. Iintonga zombane zithintela ukubetha kombane ngokuthe ngqo ngokukhokela umbane wangoku emhlabeni. Xa umbane ubetha imigca ekufutshane, inokubangela umbane ogqithisileyo ngaphakathi kwesitishi. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwee-breakers zesekethe kunokubangela ukugqithiswa kwamandla. I-Surge arresters ikhuphela phantsi ngokuzenzekelayo xa i-overvoltage idlula umda othile, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela izixhobo. Emva kokukhupha, bacima ngokukhawuleza i-arc ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo, njenge-zinc oxide surge arresters.