Inqaba yokuhambisa,ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-transmission line tower, sisakhiwo esinamacala-ntathu asetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iintambo zombane ezingaphezulu kunye nemigca yokukhusela umbane yokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane aphezulu okanye i-ultra-high-voltage. Ngokombono wesakhiwo, iinqaba zothumelo zihlukaniswe ngokubanziiinqaba zentsimbi, iinqaba ityhubhu yentsimbikunye neenqaba zeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezimxinwa. Iinqaba zentsimbi ze-angle ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ngelixa iipali zentsimbi kunye nesiseko esimxinwa setyhubhu yeenqaba zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zasezidolophini ngenxa yonyawo lwazo oluncinci. Umsebenzi ophambili weenqaba zothumelo kukuxhasa kunye nokukhusela iintambo zamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yamandla. Bangakwazi ukumelana nobunzima kunye nokuxinana kwemigca yokudlulisa kwaye basasaze le mikhosi kwisiseko kunye nomhlaba, ngaloo ndlela baqinisekise ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuzinza kweentambo. Ukongeza, bakhusela imigca yokuhambisa kwiinqaba, ukuthintela ukuba bangaqhawuli okanye baphule ngenxa yomoya okanye ukuphazamiseka komntu. Iinqaba zothumelo nazo zenziwe ngezinto ezikhuselayo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-insulation yemigca yokuhambisa, ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ukongezelela, ukuphakama kunye nesakhiwo seenqaba zokuhambisa kunokumelana nezinto ezimbi ezifana neentlekele zendalo, ziqinisekisa ngakumbi ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuzinza kweentambo zokuhambisa.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo,iinqaba zothumeloinokwahlulwa ibe ziinqaba zothumelo kunye neenqaba zokuhambisa. Iinqaba zothumelo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiintambo zothumelo lwe-voltage ephezulu ukuthutha amandla ukusuka kwizixhobo zombane ukuya kwizitishi, ngelixa iinqaba zokuhambisa zisetyenziselwa imigca yokuhambisa i-medium kunye ne-low-voltage ukuhambisa umbane ukusuka kwizitishi ezincinci ukuya kubasebenzisi abohlukeneyo. Ngokobude benqaba, inokwahlulwa ibe yinqaba ene-voltage ephantsi, inqaba ene-voltage ephezulu kunye ne-ultra-high voltage tower. Iinqaba ze-low-voltage zisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala kwimigca yokuhambisa i-low-voltage, kunye nokuphakama kweenqaba ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kweemitha ezili-10; iinqaba eziphezulu zombane zisetyenziselwa iintambo zothumelo lwe-voltage ephezulu, ezinobude ngokubanzi ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-30; Iinqaba ze-UHV zisetyenziselwa iintambo zothumelo lwamandla ombane aphezulu kakhulu, ezinomphakamo ngokubanzi odlula i-50 yeemitha. Ukongeza, ngokwemilo yenqaba, iinqaba zokuhambisa zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinqaba zentsimbi, iinqaba zentsimbi kunye neenqaba zekhonkrithi ezomeleziweyo.Intsimbi yeAnglekunye neenqaba zeetyhubhu zetsimbi zisetyenziselwa imigca yokuhambisa i-voltage ephezulu, ngelixa iinqaba zekhonkrithi ezomeleziweyo zisetyenziselwa imigca yokuhambisa i-medium-and low-voltage.

Ngokufunyanwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, umbane waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekukhanyiseni namandla, ngaloo ndlela kudala imfuneko yeenqaba zothumelo. Iinqaba zeli xesha yayizizakhiwo ezilula, ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngamaplanga kunye nentsimbi, kwaye zazisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imigca yamandla yangaphambili. Kwiminyaka ye-1920, kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwegridi yamandla kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwephesha bokuhambisa amandla, izakhiwo zenqaba ezintsonkothileyo zavela, njengee-angle zentsimbi truss towers. Iinqaba zaqala ukwamkela uyilo olusemgangathweni ukulungiselela iindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zemozulu. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ishishini lenqaba yothumelo lakhuthazwa ngakumbi sisidingo sokwakhiwa kwakhona kweziseko zophuhliso ezonakalisiweyo kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yombane. Ngeli xesha, uyilo lwenqaba kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa buphuculwe kakhulu, kunye nentsimbi ephezulu kunye neendlela eziphambili zokulwa nokubola. Ukongeza, iindidi zeenqaba zothumelo zonyukile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo kunye nemo yejografi.

Ngeminyaka yee-1980, ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ukuyila kunye nohlalutyo lweenqaba zokuhambisa zaqala ukuba yidijithali, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koyilo kunye nokuchaneka. Ukongeza, ngokuhambela phambili komanyano lwehlabathi, ishishini lenqaba yothumelo nalo sele liqalisile ukuhambela phambili kumazwe ngamazwe, kwaye amashishini ezizwe ngezizwe kunye neeprojekthi zentsebenziswano ziqhelekile. Ukungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, ishishini lenqaba yothumelo liyaqhubeka nokujongana nemiceli mngeni kunye namathuba kubuchule obutsha betekhnoloji. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-aluminium alloys kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-drones kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso ezihlakaniphile, ziphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenqaba zokuhambisa. Kwangaxeshanye, njengoko ulwazi lokusingqongileyo lwehlabathi luqhubeka nokukhula, ishishini liphinda liphonononge uyilo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye neendlela zokuvelisa, ezifana nokusebenzisa izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokwakha kwindawo yendalo.

Amashishini aphezulu aseiinqaba zothumeloikakhulu ibandakanya ukwenziwa kwentsimbi, ukwenziwa kwezinto zokwakha, kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini. Ishishini lokuvelisa intsimbi libonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ezifunekayo kwiinqaba zokuhambisa, kubandakanywa intsimbi ye-angle, imibhobho yensimbi, kunye ne-rebar; ishishini lokwenziwa kwemathiriyeli yokwakha libonelela ngesamente, isamente nezinye izinto; kunye neshishini lokwenziwa koomatshini libonelela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa. Inqanaba lobugcisa kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yala mashishini anyukayo achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye nobomi beenqaba zothumelo.

Ukusuka kwimbono yezicelo ezisezantsi,iinqaba zothumelozisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yokuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo enje ngelanga, umoya, kunye nombane omncinci wamanzi uqhubeka nokukhula, kunjalo nemfuno yee-microgrids, iqhubela phambili ukwandiswa kwentengiso yeziseko zophuhliso zothumelo. Lo mkhwa ube nempembelelo entle kwintengiso yeenqaba zothumelo. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2022, ixabiso lemarike yoshishino lwentonga yosasazo yehlabathi liya kufikelela malunga ne-US$28.19 yeebhiliyoni, ukonyuka nge-6.4% ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo. I-China yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo kuphuhliso lweegridi ezikrelekrele kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokuhambisa amandla ombane aphezulu, obungaqhubanga nje ukukhula kwentengiso yasekhaya yothumelo, kodwa ikwachaphazele nokwandiswa kweemarike kuwo wonke ummandla waseAsia-Pacific. Ngenxa yoko, ummandla we-Asia-Pacific uye waba yeyona marike inkulu yehlabathi yabathengi kwiinqaba zothumelo, ibalelwa phantse isiqingatha sesabelo semarike, malunga ne-47.2%. Ilandelwa yimarike yaseYurophu naseMntla Melika, ibalwa kwi-15.1% kunye ne-20.3% ngokulandelelanayo.

Sijonge phambili kwikamva, notyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuhlaziyo lwegridi yamandla kunye nokuphuculwa kwamaxesha, kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yobonelelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo nolukhuselekileyo, imakethi yenqaba yothumelo kulindeleke ukuba igcine ukukhula kwayo. Ezi zinto zibonisa ukuba ishishini le-tower tower linekamva eliqaqambileyo kwaye liya kuqhubeka likhula kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngo-2022, ishishini laseTshayina letower yosasazo liya kufikelela kuhlumo olubonakalayo, ngexabiso lemarike lilonke elimalunga ne-59.52 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka nge-8.6% kunyaka ophelileyo. Imfuno yangaphakathi ye-China's transmission tower market iqulathe ikakhulu amacandelo amabini: ukwakhiwa kwemigca emitsha kunye nokugcinwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Okwangoku, imakethi yasekhaya ilawulwa yimfuno yolwakhiwo lomgca omtsha; nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubudala beziseko ezingundoqo kunye nemfuno yophuculo isanda, isabelo semarike sokugcinwa kwenqaba endala kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe sikhula. Idatha ngo-2022 ibonisa ukuba isabelo semarike sogcino kunye neenkonzo zokutshintshwa kwishishini lelizwe lam losasazo lwe tower lifikelele kuma-23.2%. Lo mkhwa ubonakalisa imfuneko yokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kothungelwano lwamandla asekhaya kunye nogxininiso olwandayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kothumelo lombane. Ngokukhuthazwa kwesicwangciso-qhinga sikarhulumente waseTshayina wohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo samandla kunye nolwakhiwo lwegridi enobuchule, ishishini lothumelo lothumelo kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke nokugcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.